Prenatal care is health care that a woman gets while pregnant. Going early and regularly for prenatal care can help moms-to-be — and their babies — stay healthy. Regular care lets doctors find and deal with any problems as soon as possible.
It's important to start prenatal care as early as possible — ideally, even before a pregnancy starts.
Pregnant women who are healthy and not expected to have problems during their pregnancy or delivery usually are cared for by:
Your health care provider may refer you to a doctor with expertise in high-risk pregnancies — called a maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) specialist or a perinatologist — if you:
Call to schedule your first checkup during the first 6–8 weeks of your pregnancy, or when your period is 2–4 weeks late. Often, the first visit happens after 8 weeks of pregnancy unless there is a problem before then.
If you're healthy and have no complicating risk factors, you can expect to see your health care provider:
At each checkup, your weight and blood pressure are usually recorded. The size and shape of your uterus may also be measured, starting at the 22nd week, to see whether the fetus is growing and developing normally.
During one or more of your visits, you'll provide a small urine (pee) sample to be tested for sugar (glucose) and protein.
Prenatal testing can help health care providers find things like a birth defect or a chromosomal problem in the fetus. It can also diagnose conditions in the pregnant woman that might affect her baby’s health, such as gestational diabetes, anemia, or infections. Prenatal tests are done in the first, second, and third trimesters.
Some prenatal tests are screening tests that can only reveal the possibility of a problem. Other prenatal tests are diagnostic tests that can accurately find whether a fetus has a specific problem. A screening test sometimes is followed by a diagnostic test. These can include blood tests, amniocentesis, CVS, and ultrasound exams.
Some women worry about medical conditions they already have, such as diabetes, and how they could affect a pregnancy. It's important to talk with your doctor, who may recommend a change in medicines or treatments that could ease your concerns.
Other conditions that can come with pregnancy include:
These conditions are serious but manageable. So it's important to learn about them and discuss them with your health care provider.
Generally, women of normal weight who are pregnant with one baby should gain about 25–35 pounds during pregnancy. For women who start their pregnancy overweight, total weight gain should be closer to 15–25 pounds. Those who are underweight should gain 28–40 pounds. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby will need to gain more weight.
Controlling weight gain is harder later in a pregnancy, so try to avoid gaining a lot of weight during the first few months. But not gaining enough weight can cause problems too, such as poor fetal growth and premature labor.
Pregnancy is not a good time to start a diet, but it is a great time to enjoy healthier foods. Doctors recommend that women pregnant with one baby add about 300–400 calories to their daily intake in the second trimester, and a little more than that in the third trimester, to help nourish the developing baby. Protein should supply most of these calories, but also eat plenty of fresh fruits, grains, and vegetables. Good snack options include a glass of skim milk and half a sandwich, or a cup of yogurt with walnuts and a piece of fruit. Some people, such as teens or women who are pregnant with more than one baby, might need more calories.
Your health care provider may prescribe a prenatal vitamin to make sure you get enough iron, calcium, and folic acid. It's also a good time to get regular, low-impact exercise.
For your baby's sake and yours, it's important to take extra good care of yourself during your pregnancy. Follow these basics:
It's also important to take precautions and know about:
When your body is going through physical changes that may be completely new to you, it isn't always easy to talk to your health care provider. Maybe you're wondering whether you can have sex or what to do about hemorrhoids or constipation, or maybe you're feeling worried about the delivery.
You might feel embarrassed to ask these or other questions, but it's important to do so — and remember, your health care provider has heard them all before. Write down your questions to take with you to each visit.
Also, call your doctor right away if you have:
Reviewed by: Thinh Phu Nguyen, MD, Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, MD
Date Reviewed: Jun 22, 2023
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