A strain is when a muscle or tendon (tissue that attaches muscle to bone) is stretched too far. A strain is sometimes called a "pulled muscle." Depending on the level of muscle strain, it may heal within a few weeks, but reinjury can happen.
A sprain is when ligaments (bands of tissue that hold bone to bone at the joints) stretch too far or tear. A sprain can take 4–6 weeks to heal or sometimes longer.
Strains and sprains can cause:
Strains can happen when you put a lot of pressure on a muscle, such as when lifting a heavy object. They usually happen when someone is active, contracting, stretching, or working body part. They're more likely when a person hasn't warmed up first to get blood circulating to the muscles. Strains are common when athletes return to a sport after the off-season. They often affect the muscles in their backs, necks, or legs.
Sprains are caused by injuries, such as twisting an ankle or knee. They're common in sports, but can happen anytime.
To diagnose strains and sprains, doctors:
Depending on the injury, the doctor may order an X-ray or other imaging study to see if there are other injuries, such as a broken bone. Ultrasounds can sometimes diagnose a minor tear.
Treatment for strains and sprains usually includes:
Doctors may treat some sprains and strains with a splint or temporary cast.
If you have a sprain or strain, you'll probably need to take some time off from sports. You can go back when:
Strains and sprains usually heal without any lasting problems. Be sure to follow the doctor's instructions so the injury heals as quickly as possible.
To avoid strains and sprains, do a good dynamic warm-up before activity. You can try jogging, high knees, butt kicks, and active stretching. After activity, do some static stretching (holding each stretch for 30 seconds or longer).
A coach, personal trainer, doctor, or physical therapist can show you how to do strengthening exercises to help with recovery and lower the risk of reinjury.
Reviewed by: Melanie L. Pitone, MD
Date Reviewed: Sep 25, 2022