Poland syndrome is a condition where a child is born with missing or underdeveloped chest muscles. The shoulder, arm, and hand also can be involved. Usually only one side of the body is affected.
The cause of Poland syndrome is unknown. It may be from a blockage of blood flow to the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand muscles while a baby is developing in the womb.
Most of the time, Poland syndrome happens sporadically. This means it's not inherited from a parent. It is more common in males than females.
Sometimes, Poland syndrome is barely noticeable. In other cases, it can be quite severe. The condition can be seen at birth or not noticed until puberty.
Signs of Poland syndrome include:
Health care providers diagnose Poland syndrome based on a physical exam. If needed, they might also order tests such as:
Treatment for Poland syndrome usually is based on how severe it is. It may include:
Mild Poland syndrome usually does not need treatment. But when the condition is very noticeable or causes other problems, treatment may help and can improve a child's physical and emotional well-being.
Reviewed by: Adela T. Casas-Melley, MD
Date Reviewed: May 10, 2023
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