When blood glucose levels (called blood sugar levels) drop too low, it's called hypoglycemia. For people with diabetes, hypoglycemia (hi-poe-gly-SEE-me-uh) happens when blood sugar levels fall below the healthy range set by their doctor.
A blood sugar level slightly lower than the healthy range might not cause symptoms. But very low blood sugar levels can cause severe symptoms that need medical treatment right away.
Mild hypoglycemia can cause such symptoms as:
Severe hypoglycemia can also cause these symptoms:
Teach your child about the symptoms of low blood sugar and what to do. Even young kids who can't describe their symptoms can learn to tell an adult when they don't feel well. Help your child understand that they need treatment when they don’t feel well. And explain how to find an adult who can help them.
Some people with diabetes can't sense the early warning signs of low blood sugar. They may not recognize they need quick treatment. This can lead to more serious symptoms as blood sugar levels continue to fall. If you think your child can’t sense what low blood sugar feels like, tell the diabetes care team.
Hypoglycemia can happen for different reasons. Anyone with diabetes can get low blood sugar, even people who follow their care plan carefully. Sugar levels can drop if your child:
The only way to know for sure if someone has low blood sugar is to test their blood. If you think your child has hypoglycemia, test it if you can. But if you can’t do this quickly, it's important to treat them right away to prevent symptoms from getting worse.
When blood sugar levels are low, the goal is to get them back up into the healthy range quickly. Here are the basic steps to follow if your child is alert and awake:
You can repeat these steps until the blood sugar level is in the healthy range.
If your child cannot keep down juice or food, can’t wake up or is having a seizure, give glucagon right away. Then call 911. Do not give anything by mouth until they are awake and alert. After getting glucagon, your child will be more alert and feel better within 15 minutes. When your child is alert enough to eat, give sugary food or drink to help prevent their blood sugar from falling again.
If you give your child glucagon, tell the doctor who manages your child’s diabetes that you gave it. An episode of severe low blood sugar could be a sign that the diabetes care plan needs to be changed.
Call your diabetes team if your child is having frequent low blood sugars. Their diabetes plan may need to be adjusted to help prevent future episodes.
Nearly every child with diabetes will have an episode of mild hypoglycemia at times. Rarely, an episode will be a serious emergency. You can help make this less likely, and be ready if it does happen. Here are some tips:
If you have questions about how to prevent or treat hypoglycemia, or about the diabetes care plan, call your child's diabetes health care team.
Reviewed by: Tal Grunwald, MD
Date Reviewed: Jan 10, 2022